Navigating the nuances of the English language can be challenging, especially when it comes to prepositions and idiomatic expressions. For those preparing for standardized tests like the GMAT or simply aiming for precise communication, understanding the subtle differences between seemingly similar phrases is crucial. One such pair that often causes confusion is “compared with” and “compared to.” While both are used to draw parallels between two or more items, their application hinges on the nature of the comparison itself. This article will delve into the correct usage of “compared with” and “compared to,” providing clarity and examples to ensure you use them accurately and confidently.
Understanding “Compared With”: For Similar Comparisons
The phrase “compared with” is typically employed when you are examining similarities and differences between items that belong to the same category or are fundamentally alike. It suggests a side-by-side analysis where you are highlighting specific attributes across comparable entities. Think of it as placing two similar things next to each other and pointing out how they measure up against each other in various aspects.
For instance, consider the example from the original article:
Example 1 – Compared with his father, Jack is taller.
In this case, Jack and his father are both human beings, falling under the same category. The comparison focuses on a specific attribute – height – and how Jack’s height measures up when juxtaposed with his father’s. “Compared with” is appropriate here because we are analyzing a shared characteristic within a similar group.
Here are more examples to solidify this concept:
- “Compared with last year’s sales figures, this quarter shows a significant improvement.” We are comparing sales figures from two different time periods, both representing sales data.
- “The performance of this new laptop, compared with its predecessor, is noticeably faster and more efficient.” We are evaluating two laptops, both being electronic devices designed for similar functions.
- “Compared with apples, oranges are generally higher in Vitamin C.” We are comparing two types of fruits, both belonging to the fruit category and sharing nutritional attributes.
In each of these examples, “compared with” signals a comparison between items of the same kind, focusing on specific points of similarity and difference.
Understanding “Compared To”: For Dissimilar Comparisons
Conversely, “compared to” is used when you are drawing a comparison between things that are essentially different or belong to different categories. This phrase often involves using a more figurative or metaphorical comparison to illustrate a point or create an analogy. It’s less about direct side-by-side analysis and more about using one thing to shed light on another, even if they are inherently dissimilar.
Let’s revisit the second example from the original article:
Example 2 – Compared to the pillar, Jack is shorter.
Here, Jack, a human being, is being compared to a pillar, an inanimate object. These are fundamentally different entities. The comparison is not about analyzing shared attributes within a category, but rather using the pillar as a reference point to emphasize Jack’s height (or lack thereof in this context). “Compared to” is suitable because it connects two dissimilar things to highlight a particular quality.
Consider these additional examples to further clarify the usage of “compared to”:
- “Her singing voice, compared to an angel’s, was ethereal and captivating.” A human voice is being compared to the metaphorical voice of an angel – two vastly different concepts used to express the beauty of the singing.
- “Life compared to a journey is a common metaphor, highlighting the ups and downs and the continuous progression.” Life and a journey are not the same, but the comparison draws an analogy to explain the nature of life’s experiences.
- “This small village, compared to the bustling city, feels like a world away in terms of pace and lifestyle.” A village and a city are distinct types of settlements, and the comparison emphasizes the stark contrast in their atmosphere.
In these instances, “compared to” facilitates a comparison between dissimilar entities, often for illustrative or metaphorical purposes, rather than a direct analysis of shared characteristics.
Key Takeaways for Choosing Between “Compared With” and “Compared To”
To summarize, the choice between “compared with” and “compared to” hinges on the nature of the items being compared:
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Use “compared with” when:
- Comparing similar things or items within the same category.
- Focusing on analyzing specific attributes and highlighting similarities and differences.
- Conducting a direct, side-by-side analysis.
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Use “compared to” when:
- Comparing dissimilar things or items from different categories.
- Employing a more figurative or metaphorical comparison.
- Using one thing as a reference point to illustrate a quality of another, even if they are inherently different.
While these guidelines provide a solid foundation, remember that language is nuanced. Context is always paramount. In some borderline cases, either phrase might be acceptable, but understanding the subtle difference in emphasis will help you make the most precise and effective choice in your writing and speaking. For those preparing for the GMAT sentence correction section, mastering this distinction is a valuable step towards achieving a higher score.
