The 45-70 Government cartridge is a powerful round known for its long-range performance and ability to handle heavy bullets. But how does it compare to other calibers, specifically the 38-55? While both are popular among lever-action rifle enthusiasts, there are key differences in accuracy, bullet performance, and wind drift. This article will delve into a comparison of the 45-70 and 38-55, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
Accuracy and Load Development
While personal experiences can vary, the 45-70 often provides better accuracy compared to the 38-55. Developing a suitable load for the 45-70 is generally considered easier. The 38-55, however, can present challenges due to variations in chamber and bore dimensions among different rifles. Some rifles have chambers cut for smaller bullets (.375-.376) while the bore diameter is larger (.379-.380). This discrepancy can lead to chambering issues with larger bullets and accuracy problems with smaller bullets that don’t properly engage the rifling.
Bullet Performance and Wind Drift
The 45-70 truly excels in windy conditions. Its heavier, typically 405-grain, bullets are less susceptible to wind drift compared to the lighter 250-grain bullets often used in the 38-55. In a strong crosswind, the 45-70’s trajectory remains relatively unaffected, allowing for more consistent hits at longer ranges. While the 38-55’s lighter bullets are more influenced by wind, experienced shooters can still compensate for drift with proper calculations.
The difference in bullet weight also impacts trajectory. The heavier 45-70 bullets have a flatter trajectory at shorter ranges, making it easier to hit targets without significant holdover adjustments. The 38-55, with its lighter bullets, exhibits a more arched trajectory, requiring more pronounced adjustments for longer shots.
One shooter found their 45-70 consistently grouped within four inches at longer ranges, while the 38-55 achieved six-inch groups at 300 yards. This illustrates the potential accuracy advantage of the 45-70, especially when using heavier bullets that better fit the bore.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Caliber
Both the 45-70 and 38-55 offer unique advantages for different shooting applications. The 45-70 provides superior long-range performance, especially in windy conditions, thanks to its heavier bullets. It’s a powerful round well-suited for hunting large game or long-range target shooting. The 38-55, while potentially less accurate and more affected by wind, can still be a viable option for shorter ranges or in calmer conditions. Ultimately, the best choice depends on individual needs and preferences, considering factors like shooting distance, anticipated weather conditions, and desired accuracy. Careful consideration of bore and chamber dimensions is crucial when selecting ammunition for the 38-55 to ensure proper fit and optimal performance.
