Israel’s geographical positioning and relatively small size are critical factors that have shaped decades of conflict in the region. To understand the implications of Israel’s dimensions, experts often draw comparisons to a specific US state. This article explores the size of Israel compared to a US state, examining how this geographical reality impacts its security and regional dynamics.
Located on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea in the Middle East, Israel shares borders with Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. Historically, each of these neighboring nations has been involved in military confrontations with Israel since its declaration of independence in 1948. This geographical context is crucial when assessing Israel’s strategic challenges.
Steven E. Zipperstein, an assistant adjunct professor at UCLA’s Luskin School of Public Affairs with teaching experience in Israel, describes Israel’s geography and compact size as a “double-edged sword” in terms of both defense and vulnerability. The concentrated nature of the country allows for rapid mobilization of resources, including military personnel and short-range defense systems. However, this same density, combined with the close proximity to neighboring adversaries, makes Israel and its civilian population acutely vulnerable.
To put Israel’s size into perspective for an American audience, Zipperstein draws a compelling comparison: “Israel’s geography is most comparable to New Jersey.” This analogy helps to visualize the scale and density challenges Israel faces.
Imagine the scenario Zipperstein presents: “Imagine you’re living in Newark and someone is firing rockets from the other side of the Hudson River. How much time would you be able to prepare and get to safety?” This vividly illustrates the reduced reaction time and increased threat level posed by short distances in a compact territory like Israel.
In terms of concrete numbers, Israel encompasses approximately 8,469 square miles with a population of around 9.3 million, resulting in a population density of roughly 1,098 people per square mile, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau. In contrast, the United States, with its vast expanse, covers roughly 3.8 million square miles and is home to an estimated 333 million people, with a significantly lower population density of about 87 people per square mile.
The state of New Jersey, often used for this comparison, has a total area of 8,722 square miles and a similar population of about 9.3 million. However, New Jersey exhibits a higher population density of 1,263 people per square mile. While the density is higher in New Jersey, the crucial takeaway is the comparable landmass. The geographic constraints faced by New Jersey, if it were under constant threat from neighboring entities, offer a relatable understanding of Israel’s situation.
The dangers inherent in Israel’s small size were tragically highlighted by a recent rocket attack from Hamas. Rockets launched from Gaza rapidly reached Israeli cities near the border like Ashkelon, causing significant damage due to the short distances and population concentration. Zipperstein emphasizes the stark reality: “When the siren goes off and you’re out and about, you have 12 to 15 seconds to make it to safety. This is the reality of living in a tiny country with your enemies literally outside the front door.”
In response to these geographical challenges, Israel has developed sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the Iron Dome air defense system, advanced cyber warfare capabilities, and other technological solutions. These innovations aim to mitigate the vulnerabilities associated with its size. However, as Zipperstein notes, “Israel’s enemies have been able to adapt to Israel’s small size and density,” indicating an ongoing and evolving security challenge.
In conclusion, understanding the size of Israel compared to a US state like New Jersey provides crucial insight into the nation’s geopolitical realities. Its limited geographical area, while offering some strategic advantages in terms of rapid response, fundamentally contributes to its vulnerability and the complexities of the decades-long conflict it faces. This geographical reality remains a central factor in Israel’s ongoing security considerations and its relationships with neighboring countries.
