The northern giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), often mistakenly called the “murder hornet,” has generated considerable concern. While currently limited to the Pacific Northwest, its large size has led to frequent misidentification. This article clarifies the size difference between hornets and wasps, focusing on the northern giant hornet and common look-alikes.
Distinguishing Features: Size and Appearance
A key question in identifying the northern giant hornet is: How Big Is A Hornet Compared To A Wasp? The northern giant hornet is significantly larger than most wasps and even other hornets. Queens can reach up to 2 inches in length, while workers typically measure 1.5-1.75 inches.
In contrast, common wasps like yellowjackets are considerably smaller, usually less than an inch long. Even the European hornet, a large wasp found in North America, is noticeably smaller than the northern giant hornet, averaging around 1-1.5 inches.
Beyond size, other distinguishing features include:
- Color: The northern giant hornet has a distinctive orange head and a black and orange striped abdomen.
- Shape: Its head is proportionally larger than that of most wasps and has prominent mandibles.
Common Wasp and Hornet Look-Alikes
Several insects are often mistaken for the northern giant hornet. Here are a few examples:
European Hornet (Vespa crabro): Although large, it’s smaller than the giant hornet and has a more reddish-brown coloration with yellow markings on the abdomen.
Cicada Killer (Sphecius speciosus): These large solitary wasps are similar in size to the giant hornet but have a black and yellow striped abdomen and a more slender body shape.
Yellowjackets (Vespula spp.): Much smaller than the northern giant hornet, yellowjackets are known for their bright yellow and black stripes and aggressive behavior.
Other Look-alikes: Various other insects, including paper wasps, bald-faced hornets, carpenter bees, and even some flies, can be mistaken for the northern giant hornet due to superficial similarities in size or color.
The Importance of Accurate Identification
Correctly identifying the northern giant hornet is crucial for several reasons. Misidentification can lead to unnecessary panic and the unwarranted killing of beneficial insects. Many of the look-alikes play important roles in pollination or pest control.
While the northern giant hornet poses a threat to honeybees and can deliver a painful sting, it’s important to remember that it is not currently present in most of North America.
The yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina), another invasive species, has been recently found in Georgia.
Conclusion
The northern giant hornet is significantly larger than most wasps, a key factor in distinguishing it from other insects. However, size alone is not definitive. Considering color patterns, body shape, and geographic location is crucial for accurate identification. Learning to differentiate between the northern giant hornet and its look-alikes helps avoid unnecessary alarm and protects beneficial insect populations.
