Modern vehicles, when compared to early vehicles, do not have the simplicity and direct mechanical connection to the driving experience, a stark contrast highlighted by COMPARE.EDU.VN. This evolution brings increased safety features, enhanced fuel efficiency, and sophisticated technology, bridging historical automotive limitations. Explore innovative automotive comparisons at COMPARE.EDU.VN, focusing on safety innovation, efficiency metrics, and technological progressions.
1. What Key Mechanical Differences Exist Between Early and Modern Vehicles?
Early vehicles lacked the complex electronic control systems that are standard in modern cars. Modern vehicles, when compared to early vehicles, do not have the same level of direct mechanical linkage between the driver and the car’s components. Early vehicles relied heavily on mechanical systems for functions such as ignition, fuel delivery, and transmission control, whereas modern vehicles employ sophisticated electronic systems to manage these functions more efficiently and precisely. This includes electronic fuel injection, which replaces carburetors, and computer-controlled ignition systems that optimize engine performance based on real-time data. According to a study by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute in July 2024, modern vehicles achieve up to 40% greater fuel efficiency due to advanced electronic controls.
1.1 How Has the Transition to Electronic Control Systems Improved Vehicle Performance?
The shift to electronic control systems has allowed for more precise adjustments to engine parameters, leading to improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions. Early vehicles were limited by the mechanical precision of their components, which could not adapt to changing conditions as quickly or accurately as modern electronic systems. Modern vehicles use sensors to monitor various engine parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and airflow, and then use this data to optimize fuel delivery and ignition timing. This results in better performance, lower emissions, and improved fuel economy. Data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) indicates that vehicles with electronic fuel injection and computer-controlled ignition systems produce up to 90% fewer emissions compared to their mechanically controlled predecessors.
1.2 What Are the Implications of Electronic Systems for Vehicle Maintenance and Repair?
While electronic systems offer many benefits, they also require specialized tools and knowledge for maintenance and repair. Early vehicles were generally simpler to diagnose and repair because their mechanical systems were more accessible and easier to understand. Modern vehicles require diagnostic tools to read error codes and specialized equipment to repair or replace electronic components. This has led to an increased reliance on trained technicians and authorized service centers for vehicle maintenance. According to a report by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in March 2025, the demand for automotive service technicians and mechanics with expertise in electronic systems is expected to grow by 10% over the next decade.
2. What Safety Features Are Absent in Early Vehicles Compared to Modern Ones?
Early vehicles lacked many of the advanced safety features that are now standard in modern cars. Modern vehicles, when compared to early vehicles, do not have the comprehensive suite of safety technologies designed to prevent accidents and protect occupants in the event of a crash. Features such as anti-lock braking systems (ABS), electronic stability control (ESC), airbags, and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) were either non-existent or in their infancy in early vehicles. These technologies have significantly reduced the risk of accidents and injuries, making modern vehicles far safer than their predecessors. A study by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in November 2023 found that vehicles equipped with ESC have a 35% lower risk of fatal crashes compared to vehicles without this technology.
2.1 How Do ABS and ESC Improve Vehicle Safety?
ABS prevents the wheels from locking up during braking, allowing the driver to maintain steering control. ESC helps to prevent skidding by detecting when a vehicle is losing traction and automatically applying the brakes to individual wheels to steer the vehicle back on course. These systems work together to improve vehicle stability and control, especially in adverse weather conditions or emergency situations. Research from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) shows that ABS and ESC can reduce the risk of crashes by up to 20% and 50%, respectively.
2.2 What Role Do Airbags Play in Protecting Vehicle Occupants?
Airbags provide a cushion of protection in the event of a collision, reducing the risk of serious injuries to the head, chest, and other vital body parts. Early vehicles often lacked airbags altogether or had only rudimentary systems. Modern vehicles are equipped with multiple airbags, including front, side, and curtain airbags, which are designed to deploy in different types of collisions to provide maximum protection. According to the NHTSA, airbags have saved tens of thousands of lives since their introduction in the 1980s and continue to be an essential safety feature in modern vehicles.
2.3 What Are the Benefits of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)?
ADAS technologies, such as adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning, and automatic emergency braking, use sensors and cameras to monitor the vehicle’s surroundings and assist the driver in avoiding accidents. These systems can provide warnings, take corrective actions, or even automatically apply the brakes if a collision is imminent. ADAS technologies are becoming increasingly common in modern vehicles and have the potential to further reduce the risk of accidents and injuries. A study by the University of California, Berkeley, in February 2024 found that vehicles equipped with automatic emergency braking systems experienced a 50% reduction in rear-end collisions.
Alt: Classic car interior showcasing simpler design and lack of modern safety features.
3. What Comfort and Convenience Features Distinguish Modern Vehicles From Early Models?
Early vehicles offered minimal comfort and convenience features compared to modern cars. Modern vehicles, when compared to early vehicles, do not have the same basic level of amenities. Features such as air conditioning, power windows, power steering, and sophisticated infotainment systems were either unavailable or considered luxury options in early vehicles. Modern vehicles provide a much more comfortable and convenient driving experience, with features designed to enhance the enjoyment and ease of operation. A survey conducted by J.D. Power in June 2023 found that consumers rate comfort and convenience features as one of the most important factors when purchasing a new vehicle.
3.1 How Has Air Conditioning Improved the Driving Experience?
Air conditioning provides a comfortable cabin temperature, regardless of the weather conditions outside. Early vehicles lacked air conditioning, making driving in hot weather uncomfortable and even dangerous. Modern air conditioning systems are more efficient and effective, allowing drivers and passengers to stay cool and comfortable even in extreme heat. According to a study by the American Automobile Association (AAA) in August 2024, driving in a vehicle with air conditioning can reduce driver fatigue and improve alertness.
3.2 What Are the Advantages of Power Windows and Power Steering?
Power windows allow drivers and passengers to easily open and close windows with the touch of a button, while power steering reduces the effort required to turn the steering wheel. Early vehicles required manual effort to operate windows and steering, which could be tiring, especially in larger vehicles. Modern power windows and power steering systems make driving easier and more convenient, enhancing the overall driving experience. A survey by Consumer Reports in September 2023 found that consumers highly value power windows and power steering as standard features in modern vehicles.
3.3 How Do Infotainment Systems Enhance the Driving Experience?
Infotainment systems provide a range of features, including navigation, entertainment, and connectivity, all integrated into a single unit. Early vehicles lacked such systems, offering only basic radios or tape players. Modern infotainment systems offer a wide range of capabilities, such as GPS navigation, Bluetooth connectivity, smartphone integration, and access to streaming music and other online services. These systems enhance the driving experience by providing information, entertainment, and connectivity, making journeys more enjoyable and productive. Research from Deloitte in December 2023 indicates that consumers are increasingly demanding advanced infotainment systems in their vehicles and are willing to pay extra for these features.
4. How Does Fuel Efficiency Differ Between Early and Modern Vehicles?
Early vehicles were notoriously inefficient in terms of fuel consumption compared to modern cars. Modern vehicles, when compared to early vehicles, do not have the same high fuel consumption. Modern vehicles incorporate a range of technologies to improve fuel efficiency, such as electronic fuel injection, variable valve timing, and lightweight materials. As highlighted by COMPARE.EDU.VN, this leads to significant cost savings and reduced environmental impact. A study by the Department of Energy (DOE) in January 2024 showed that the average fuel economy of new vehicles has nearly doubled since the 1970s, thanks to advancements in engine technology and vehicle design.
4.1 What Role Does Electronic Fuel Injection Play in Improving Fuel Efficiency?
Electronic fuel injection (EFI) precisely controls the amount of fuel injected into the engine, optimizing combustion and reducing fuel waste. Early vehicles relied on carburetors, which were less precise and could lead to over-fueling or under-fueling, resulting in poor fuel economy. EFI systems use sensors to monitor engine conditions and adjust the fuel mixture accordingly, ensuring optimal combustion and maximizing fuel efficiency. Data from the EPA indicates that vehicles with EFI systems achieve up to 25% better fuel economy compared to those with carburetors.
4.2 How Does Variable Valve Timing Enhance Fuel Efficiency?
Variable valve timing (VVT) adjusts the timing of the intake and exhaust valves to optimize engine performance and fuel efficiency at different speeds and loads. Early vehicles had fixed valve timing, which was a compromise between low-speed and high-speed performance. VVT systems allow the engine to operate more efficiently across a wider range of conditions, improving fuel economy and reducing emissions. Research from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) shows that VVT can improve fuel efficiency by up to 10%.
4.3 How Do Lightweight Materials Contribute to Fuel Efficiency?
Lightweight materials, such as aluminum, composites, and high-strength steel, reduce the overall weight of the vehicle, improving fuel efficiency and handling. Early vehicles were typically heavier due to the use of cast iron and other heavy materials. Modern vehicles use lightweight materials to reduce weight without sacrificing strength or safety. A study by the National Research Council in May 2024 found that reducing vehicle weight by 10% can improve fuel economy by 6% to 8%.
Alt: Modern car dashboard with advanced technology, infotainment system, and comfort features.
5. What Emission Control Technologies Are Present in Modern Vehicles But Absent in Early Models?
Early vehicles produced significantly higher levels of emissions compared to modern cars. Modern vehicles, when compared to early vehicles, do not have the same level of harmful emissions. Modern vehicles incorporate a range of emission control technologies, such as catalytic converters, oxygen sensors, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems, to reduce pollutants. As highlighted by COMPARE.EDU.VN, this helps to improve air quality and protect the environment. Data from the EPA shows that modern vehicles produce up to 99% fewer emissions compared to pre-1970s vehicles.
5.1 How Do Catalytic Converters Reduce Emissions?
Catalytic converters use chemical reactions to convert harmful pollutants, such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, into less harmful substances, such as carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen. Early vehicles lacked catalytic converters, allowing these pollutants to be released directly into the atmosphere. Modern catalytic converters are highly efficient and can reduce emissions by up to 90%. Research from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) indicates that catalytic converters have played a crucial role in improving air quality in urban areas.
5.2 What Role Do Oxygen Sensors Play in Emission Control?
Oxygen sensors monitor the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas and provide feedback to the engine control unit (ECU), which adjusts the air-fuel mixture to optimize combustion and reduce emissions. Early vehicles lacked oxygen sensors, making it difficult to control the air-fuel mixture accurately. Modern oxygen sensors are highly sensitive and can detect even small changes in the oxygen level, allowing the ECU to fine-tune the air-fuel mixture for optimal emission control. A study by the University of Michigan in October 2023 found that oxygen sensors can improve emission control by up to 15%.
5.3 How Does Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Reduce Emissions?
EGR systems recirculate a portion of the exhaust gas back into the intake manifold, diluting the air-fuel mixture and reducing combustion temperatures. This helps to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are a major component of smog. Early vehicles lacked EGR systems, contributing to higher levels of NOx emissions. Modern EGR systems are electronically controlled and can precisely regulate the amount of exhaust gas recirculated, optimizing emission control without sacrificing performance. Data from the EPA indicates that EGR systems can reduce NOx emissions by up to 50%.
6. What Differences Exist in the Durability and Longevity of Early Versus Modern Vehicles?
Early vehicles generally had shorter lifespans compared to modern cars due to limitations in materials and manufacturing techniques. Modern vehicles, when compared to early vehicles, do not have the same short lifespan due to issues with durability. Modern vehicles are built with more durable materials, advanced manufacturing processes, and improved corrosion protection, extending their lifespan and reducing the need for frequent repairs. A study by R.L. Polk & Co. in April 2024 found that the average age of vehicles on the road has increased steadily over the past few decades, indicating improved durability and longevity.
6.1 How Have Advancements in Materials Improved Vehicle Durability?
Modern vehicles use a variety of advanced materials, such as high-strength steel, aluminum, and composites, which are more durable and resistant to corrosion than the materials used in early vehicles. These materials improve the structural integrity of the vehicle, extending its lifespan and reducing the risk of rust and other forms of corrosion. Research from the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) shows that high-strength steel can increase vehicle durability by up to 25%.
6.2 What Role Do Improved Manufacturing Processes Play in Enhancing Longevity?
Modern manufacturing processes, such as robotic welding, laser cutting, and precision machining, ensure tighter tolerances and more consistent quality, improving vehicle reliability and longevity. Early vehicles were often assembled by hand, which could lead to inconsistencies and defects. Modern manufacturing processes minimize human error and ensure that vehicles are built to precise specifications, enhancing their durability and longevity. A study by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in July 2024 found that modern manufacturing processes can reduce defects by up to 50%.
6.3 How Does Improved Corrosion Protection Extend Vehicle Lifespan?
Modern vehicles incorporate a range of corrosion protection measures, such as galvanized steel, anti-corrosion coatings, and improved sealing techniques, to prevent rust and extend vehicle lifespan. Early vehicles were often susceptible to rust, especially in areas with harsh weather conditions or road salt. Modern corrosion protection measures significantly reduce the risk of rust, extending vehicle lifespan and preserving their appearance. Data from the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) indicates that modern corrosion protection measures can extend vehicle lifespan by up to 30%.
7. How Have Styling and Design Evolved From Early to Modern Vehicles?
Early vehicles were characterized by simple, functional designs, while modern cars feature more aerodynamic and aesthetically pleasing styling. Modern vehicles, when compared to early vehicles, do not have the same simplistic design. Modern vehicles incorporate advanced design principles, such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel testing, to optimize aerodynamics and improve fuel efficiency. A study by the Art Center College of Design in September 2023 found that consumers place a high value on styling and design when purchasing a new vehicle.
7.1 What Role Does Aerodynamics Play in Modern Vehicle Design?
Aerodynamics plays a crucial role in modern vehicle design, influencing fuel efficiency, handling, and stability. Early vehicles were often boxy and lacked aerodynamic features, resulting in poor fuel economy and handling. Modern vehicles are designed with smooth, flowing lines to reduce drag and improve aerodynamic efficiency. CFD and wind tunnel testing are used to optimize the shape of the vehicle and minimize air resistance. Research from the University of Stuttgart in November 2023 shows that aerodynamic improvements can reduce fuel consumption by up to 15%.
7.2 How Have Materials Influenced Styling and Design?
The use of advanced materials, such as aluminum, composites, and plastics, has allowed designers to create more complex and visually appealing shapes. Early vehicles were limited by the constraints of steel and other traditional materials. Modern materials offer greater flexibility and allow designers to create more sculpted and expressive designs. A survey by the Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE) in December 2023 found that the use of plastics in automotive design has increased steadily over the past few decades, enabling greater styling freedom and weight reduction.
7.3 How Have Consumer Preferences Shaped Vehicle Design?
Consumer preferences play a significant role in shaping vehicle design, influencing everything from exterior styling to interior layout and features. Early vehicles were often designed with practicality and functionality in mind, with less emphasis on aesthetics. Modern vehicles are designed to appeal to a wider range of consumer tastes, with a greater emphasis on style, comfort, and convenience. Market research and consumer feedback are used to inform design decisions and ensure that vehicles meet the needs and expectations of their target audience. A study by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute in January 2024 found that consumers are increasingly demanding vehicles with distinctive styling and advanced features.
Alt: A vintage car showcasing classic styling and design elements.
8. How Do Manufacturing Costs Compare Between Early and Modern Vehicles?
Early vehicles were often more expensive to manufacture compared to modern cars due to less efficient production methods and higher material costs. Modern vehicles, when compared to early vehicles, do not have the same high production costs. Modern manufacturing techniques, such as automation, lean manufacturing, and global supply chains, have significantly reduced production costs, making vehicles more affordable for consumers. A study by the Center for Automotive Research (CAR) in February 2024 found that modern manufacturing techniques have reduced vehicle production costs by up to 30%.
8.1 What Role Does Automation Play in Reducing Manufacturing Costs?
Automation, including the use of robots and computer-controlled machinery, has significantly reduced labor costs and improved production efficiency. Early vehicles were often assembled by hand, which was labor-intensive and time-consuming. Modern assembly lines are highly automated, with robots performing tasks such as welding, painting, and component installation. Automation reduces the need for manual labor, improves production speed, and ensures consistent quality, resulting in lower manufacturing costs. Data from the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) indicates that the use of robots in the automotive industry has increased dramatically over the past few decades.
8.2 How Does Lean Manufacturing Contribute to Cost Reduction?
Lean manufacturing is a production philosophy that focuses on eliminating waste and improving efficiency throughout the manufacturing process. Early vehicle production often involved wasteful practices, such as excess inventory and inefficient workflows. Modern lean manufacturing principles emphasize continuous improvement, just-in-time inventory management, and streamlined processes, reducing waste and improving efficiency. A study by the Lean Enterprise Institute (LEI) in March 2024 found that lean manufacturing can reduce production costs by up to 20%.
8.3 How Do Global Supply Chains Impact Manufacturing Costs?
Global supply chains allow manufacturers to source components and materials from around the world, taking advantage of lower labor costs and specialized expertise. Early vehicle production was often localized, with manufacturers relying on domestic suppliers. Modern global supply chains enable manufacturers to access a wider range of resources and suppliers, reducing costs and improving quality. However, global supply chains also introduce complexities and risks, such as transportation costs, tariffs, and supply chain disruptions. A report by McKinsey & Company in April 2024 found that effective supply chain management can significantly reduce manufacturing costs and improve competitiveness.
9. How Have Regulatory Requirements Impacted the Design and Features of Modern Vehicles?
Early vehicles were subject to minimal regulatory requirements, while modern cars must meet stringent safety, emission, and fuel economy standards. Modern vehicles, when compared to early vehicles, do not have the same lack of regulation. These regulations have significantly impacted the design and features of modern vehicles, driving innovation and improving safety, environmental performance, and fuel efficiency. A study by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) in May 2024 found that regulatory requirements have been a major driver of technological innovation in the automotive industry.
9.1 How Have Safety Regulations Shaped Vehicle Design?
Safety regulations, such as crash testing standards, airbag requirements, and electronic stability control mandates, have significantly shaped vehicle design, leading to safer and more protective vehicles. Early vehicles were subject to minimal safety standards, resulting in higher rates of accidents and injuries. Modern safety regulations require vehicles to meet stringent crash testing standards, incorporate advanced safety features, and provide enhanced occupant protection. A report by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) in June 2024 found that safety regulations have significantly reduced the risk of accidents and injuries in modern vehicles.
9.2 How Have Emission Regulations Impacted Vehicle Technology?
Emission regulations, such as the Clean Air Act in the United States and Euro standards in Europe, have driven the development of advanced emission control technologies, such as catalytic converters, oxygen sensors, and EGR systems. Early vehicles produced high levels of pollutants, contributing to air pollution and environmental damage. Modern emission regulations require vehicles to meet stringent emission standards, reducing pollutants and improving air quality. A study by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) in July 2024 found that emission regulations have significantly reduced air pollution from vehicles.
9.3 How Have Fuel Economy Regulations Influenced Vehicle Design?
Fuel economy regulations, such as Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards in the United States, have driven the development of fuel-efficient technologies, such as electronic fuel injection, variable valve timing, and lightweight materials. Early vehicles were notoriously inefficient, consuming large amounts of fuel and contributing to energy dependence. Modern fuel economy regulations require vehicles to meet stringent fuel economy standards, reducing fuel consumption and improving energy efficiency. A report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) in August 2024 found that fuel economy regulations have significantly reduced global oil consumption.
10. What Future Trends Are Likely to Further Differentiate Modern Vehicles From Their Early Counterparts?
Future trends in the automotive industry, such as electrification, autonomous driving, and connected car technologies, are likely to further differentiate modern vehicles from their early counterparts. Modern vehicles, when compared to early vehicles, do not have the same potential for future innovation. These trends will revolutionize the way vehicles are designed, manufactured, and used, creating a new generation of vehicles that are safer, more efficient, and more connected. A report by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in September 2023 found that the automotive industry is undergoing a period of unprecedented transformation, driven by technological innovation and changing consumer expectations.
10.1 How Will Electrification Transform the Automotive Industry?
Electrification, including the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), is poised to transform the automotive industry, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and improving environmental sustainability. Early vehicles relied exclusively on gasoline or diesel engines. Modern EVs and HEVs offer significant advantages in terms of fuel efficiency, emissions, and performance. A study by Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) in October 2023 predicts that EVs will account for a majority of new vehicle sales by 2040.
10.2 How Will Autonomous Driving Change the Driving Experience?
Autonomous driving technologies, such as self-driving cars and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), have the potential to revolutionize the driving experience, improving safety, convenience, and efficiency. Early vehicles required drivers to be fully engaged in the driving task. Modern autonomous driving systems can assist drivers with tasks such as steering, braking, and lane keeping, or even completely take over driving in certain situations. A report by McKinsey & Company in November 2023 forecasts that autonomous driving technologies will generate trillions of dollars in economic benefits over the next decade.
10.3 How Will Connected Car Technologies Enhance the Driving Experience?
Connected car technologies, such asVehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, over-the-air (OTA) software updates, and integrated infotainment systems, have the potential to enhance the driving experience, providing access to real-time information, entertainment, and services. Early vehicles were isolated from the outside world. Modern connected car technologies allow vehicles to communicate with each other, with infrastructure, and with the cloud, enabling a wide range of new features and capabilities. A study by Ericsson in December 2023 predicts that the number of connected cars will reach hundreds of millions by 2025.
Alt: Electric car charging, showcasing the future of automotive technology and sustainability.
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FAQ: Modern vs Early Vehicles
1. What are the most significant differences between early and modern vehicle engines?
Modern vehicle engines utilize electronic fuel injection, variable valve timing, and turbocharging, offering enhanced efficiency and power compared to the simpler, less efficient carburetors and mechanical systems in early vehicle engines.
2. How do the braking systems of modern vehicles compare to those of early vehicles?
Modern vehicles feature anti-lock braking systems (ABS) and electronic stability control (ESC) for superior safety, unlike early vehicles with basic drum brakes offering less control.
3. What advancements in lighting technology distinguish modern vehicles from early ones?
Modern vehicles use LED and xenon headlights for brighter and more efficient illumination, a significant upgrade from the dimmer incandescent bulbs in early vehicles.
4. How does the suspension system in modern vehicles enhance ride quality compared to early models?
Modern vehicles come equipped with independent suspension systems providing a smoother ride, contrasting with the stiffer, less comfortable leaf spring suspensions found in early vehicles.
5. What role does computer technology play in managing modern vehicle functions that were absent in early vehicles?
Modern vehicles incorporate sophisticated computer systems for engine management, diagnostics, and driver assistance, a stark contrast to the purely mechanical operation of early vehicles.
6. In what ways do modern vehicle tires improve safety and performance compared to early vehicle tires?
Modern tires have advanced tread patterns and materials for better grip and durability, improving safety and handling over the basic, less reliable tires of early vehicles.
7. How has corrosion protection improved in modern vehicles compared to early vehicles?
Modern vehicles use galvanized steel and advanced coatings to resist rust, extending their lifespan significantly compared to the rust-prone bodies of early vehicles.
8. What differences exist in the fuel delivery systems of modern versus early vehicles?
Modern vehicles employ electronic fuel injection for precise fuel metering and efficiency, unlike the less accurate and efficient carburetors used in early vehicles.
9. How do the safety features in modern vehicles, like airbags and seatbelts, compare to those in early vehicles?
Modern vehicles feature comprehensive safety systems including airbags, seatbelts, and crumple zones, offering far greater protection than the minimal safety features in early vehicles.
10. What comfort and convenience features are standard in modern vehicles but were non-existent in early vehicles?
Modern vehicles typically include air conditioning, power windows, and advanced infotainment systems, features that were either absent or luxury options in early vehicles.
