A Wolf Compared To A Lion reveals significant distinctions in hunting strategies and social behavior, which we’ll explore. COMPARE.EDU.VN offers detailed comparisons to help you understand these differences, assisting you in making informed decisions. Explore the unique attributes and strategic advantages of each animal through this analysis and gain deeper insights.
1. What Are the Fundamental Physical Differences Between a Wolf and a Lion?
A lion is typically larger and more muscular than a wolf, reflecting their different roles in their respective ecosystems. Lions generally weigh between 330 to 550 pounds and stand about 4 feet tall at the shoulder. Wolves, on the other hand, weigh between 80 to 150 pounds and stand approximately 2.5 to 3 feet tall. This size disparity is primarily because lions are built for short bursts of power needed for taking down large prey, while wolves are designed for endurance and sustained hunting over long distances.
1.1 How Do Their Body Structures Vary?
Lions have robust, muscular bodies, powerful forelimbs for grappling, and sharp, retractable claws, while wolves have leaner bodies, longer legs for endurance running, and non-retractable claws suited for traction.
1.2 What Differences Exist in Their Fur and Mane Characteristics?
Lions have short, tawny fur with males sporting a distinctive mane, which varies in color and thickness, indicating age and health. Wolves possess thick, layered fur that provides insulation in cold climates, with colors ranging from gray and black to white and red, depending on the subspecies.
2. In What Way Do the Habitats of Wolves and Lions Differ?
Lions primarily inhabit the grasslands and savannas of Africa, while wolves are found across a wide range of habitats including forests, tundra, mountains, and grasslands in North America, Europe, and Asia. The differing habitat preferences reflect their evolutionary adaptations to different environmental conditions and prey availability. Lions thrive in open environments where they can stalk prey effectively, whereas wolves are adaptable to varied terrains, allowing them to hunt diverse prey.
2.1 How Does Geography Influence Their Distribution?
The geographical distribution of lions is almost exclusively limited to Africa, with a small population in India, whereas wolves have a Holarctic distribution, spanning across North America and Eurasia.
2.2 What Environmental Factors Affect Their Habitat Choice?
Lions require warm climates, open grasslands, and access to large ungulates for sustenance. Wolves, however, can survive in colder climates and denser forests, adapting to hunt smaller prey or larger game depending on what is available.
3. How Do Wolves and Lions Compare in Terms of Social Structure?
Wolves live in tightly knit packs with a strict social hierarchy, typically led by an alpha male and female. Lions live in prides, consisting of related females, their offspring, and a coalition of males that defend the pride.
3.1 What Is the Role of Pack Dynamics in Wolf Behavior?
Pack dynamics in wolves are crucial for cooperative hunting, raising pups, and defending territory. Each member has a role within the pack, contributing to the overall survival and success of the group.
3.2 How Do Lion Prides Function Socially?
Lion prides are centered around related females who cooperate in hunting and raising cubs. The male coalition defends the pride from rivals and protects the females and cubs.
4. What Hunting Strategies Do Wolves and Lions Employ?
Wolves are endurance hunters, using their stamina to chase down prey over long distances in coordinated packs. Lions are ambush predators, relying on stealth and short bursts of speed to take down prey, often working together in coordinated hunts.
4.1 How Do Wolves Coordinate Their Hunts?
Wolves use a combination of vocalizations, body language, and strategic positioning to coordinate their hunts. They often target weaker or isolated individuals within a herd.
4.2 What Role Does Cooperation Play in Lion Hunting?
Lionesses often hunt together, using coordinated movements to encircle and ambush prey. This cooperation allows them to take down larger animals that a single lion would struggle to kill.
5. What Is the Diet of a Wolf Compared to the Diet of a Lion?
Wolves primarily prey on large ungulates such as deer, elk, and moose, but they will also consume smaller animals like rodents and rabbits. Lions primarily feed on large ungulates such as zebras, wildebeest, and buffalo, but they may also hunt smaller animals or scavenge when necessary.
5.1 How Does Prey Availability Affect Their Dietary Choices?
The diet of both wolves and lions is heavily influenced by the availability of prey in their respective habitats. When large prey is scarce, they may adapt to hunting smaller animals or scavenging.
5.2 What Nutritional Needs Are Met by Their Diets?
The high protein and fat content of ungulates provides wolves and lions with the energy and nutrients they need to sustain their active lifestyles and maintain their muscle mass.
6. How Do Wolves and Lions Communicate?
Wolves communicate through a complex system of vocalizations, including howls, growls, and barks, as well as body language and scent marking. Lions communicate through roars, growls, and other vocalizations, as well as visual displays such as mane puffing and body postures.
6.1 What Vocalizations Are Unique to Each Species?
Wolves are known for their iconic howls, which serve to communicate over long distances and reinforce pack bonds. Lions are famous for their powerful roars, which are used to establish territory and intimidate rivals.
6.2 How Does Body Language Play a Role in Their Interactions?
Body language is crucial for both species in conveying dominance, submission, and intent. Wolves use postures such as tail tucking and ear flattening to communicate their status within the pack, while lions use mane displays and body postures to assert dominance.
7. How Do Wolves and Lions Raise Their Young?
Wolves raise their pups in dens, with the entire pack participating in feeding and protecting the young. Lions raise their cubs in prides, with lionesses cooperating in nursing and protecting the cubs.
7.1 What Parental Care Strategies Do They Employ?
Wolf parents are highly attentive, providing food, protection, and training to their pups. Lionesses nurse their cubs for several months and teach them essential hunting skills.
7.2 How Does the Social Structure Influence Pup Rearing?
The pack structure of wolves ensures that pups receive care and attention from multiple adults, increasing their chances of survival. In lion prides, the cooperative nature of the lionesses helps to ensure the survival of the cubs, as they share the responsibilities of nursing and protection.
8. What Are the Conservation Status and Threats Facing Wolves and Lions?
Wolves are listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, but some populations are threatened by habitat loss, human conflict, and hunting. Lions are listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN, with populations declining due to habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and trophy hunting.
8.1 What Conservation Efforts Are in Place for Each Species?
Conservation efforts for wolves include habitat protection, reintroduction programs, and conflict mitigation strategies. Conservation efforts for lions include anti-poaching patrols, community-based conservation programs, and habitat preservation.
8.2 How Does Human Activity Impact Their Survival?
Human activity, such as habitat destruction, hunting, and persecution, poses significant threats to both wolves and lions. Conservation efforts are crucial for mitigating these threats and ensuring the survival of these iconic species.
9. What Adaptations Allow Wolves to Thrive in Cold Climates Compared to Lions?
Wolves possess several adaptations that allow them to thrive in cold climates, including a dense, double-layered coat for insulation, specialized blood circulation in their paws to prevent freezing, and a high metabolism to generate heat. Lions, being adapted to warmer climates, lack these specific adaptations.
9.1 How Does Their Fur Provide Insulation?
The dense underfur of wolves traps air, providing excellent insulation against the cold. The longer guard hairs repel water and snow, keeping the underfur dry and effective at retaining heat.
9.2 What Physiological Adaptations Help Them Survive?
Wolves have a high metabolic rate, which generates more body heat, and specialized blood vessels in their paws that minimize heat loss. These adaptations enable them to maintain their core body temperature in extreme cold.
10. How Do Wolves and Lions Defend Their Territory?
Wolves defend their territory through vocalizations such as howling, scent marking, and physical confrontation with rival packs. Lions defend their territory through roaring, scent marking, and aggressive displays, often engaging in fierce battles with rival prides.
10.1 What Role Does Scent Marking Play?
Scent marking is crucial for both species in establishing and maintaining their territories. Wolves use urine and feces to mark their boundaries, while lions use urine and scratching to mark their territory.
10.2 How Do Physical Confrontations Occur?
Physical confrontations between wolves and lions are often intense and can result in serious injuries or death. Wolves engage in coordinated attacks to defend their territory, while lions use their strength and aggression to intimidate rivals.
11. What Are the Key Differences in Cognitive Abilities Between Wolves and Lions?
Wolves exhibit advanced problem-solving skills, strategic thinking in hunts, and complex social communication. Lions display cooperative hunting tactics and social intelligence within their prides.
11.1 How Do They Solve Problems in Their Environment?
Wolves can assess and adapt to new hunting scenarios, showing flexibility in their strategies. Lions use learned behaviors and cooperation to overcome challenges in capturing prey.
11.2 What Social Intelligence Do They Demonstrate?
Wolves display sophisticated social intelligence through their pack hierarchy and coordinated actions. Lions demonstrate social intelligence by maintaining complex relationships within their prides and coordinating hunting efforts.
12. How Do the Bite Forces of Wolves and Lions Compare?
Lions generally have a stronger bite force than wolves, reflecting their need to take down large, robust prey. Lions can exert a bite force of around 650 PSI (pounds per square inch), whereas wolves have a bite force of approximately 400 PSI.
12.1 What Factors Contribute to Bite Force Strength?
Bite force is influenced by jaw muscle size, skull structure, and tooth morphology. Lions have larger jaw muscles and more robust skulls, allowing them to generate greater bite force.
12.2 How Does Bite Force Affect Their Hunting Success?
A stronger bite force allows lions to inflict more damage to their prey, increasing their chances of a successful kill. While wolves have a weaker bite force, they compensate with their pack hunting strategies and endurance.
13. How Do Wolves and Lions Adapt to Changing Environments?
Wolves are highly adaptable and can adjust their behavior and diet to survive in a variety of environments, including areas with human presence. Lions are less adaptable and more vulnerable to habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict.
13.1 What Behavioral Adaptations Do They Exhibit?
Wolves can alter their hunting strategies, prey preferences, and social structure in response to environmental changes. Lions may shift their hunting ranges and prey selection but are generally less flexible.
13.2 How Do They Respond to Human Encroachment?
Wolves may learn to avoid humans or exploit human-modified landscapes for resources. Lions are more likely to come into conflict with humans, especially when their natural prey is scarce.
14. What Role Do Wolves and Lions Play in Their Ecosystems?
Wolves are keystone predators, helping to regulate populations of ungulates and other prey species, which in turn affects plant communities and overall ecosystem health. Lions are apex predators, playing a similar role in controlling herbivore populations and maintaining ecological balance.
14.1 How Do They Influence Prey Populations?
Wolves and lions help to prevent overgrazing by controlling herbivore populations, which promotes biodiversity and ecosystem stability.
14.2 What Is Their Impact on Biodiversity?
By regulating herbivore populations, wolves and lions indirectly influence plant communities and the diversity of other animal species. Their presence can have cascading effects throughout the food web.
15. What Are Some Common Misconceptions About Wolves and Lions?
A common misconception about wolves is that they are inherently dangerous to humans. In reality, wolf attacks on humans are rare, and wolves typically avoid human contact. A common misconception about lions is that they are lazy and spend most of their time sleeping. While lions do rest frequently, they are also active hunters and play a crucial role in their ecosystems.
15.1 What Myths Surround Each Species?
Wolves are often portrayed as villains in folklore, while lions are often seen as symbols of courage and strength. These stereotypes can influence public perception and conservation efforts.
15.2 How Does Reality Differ From These Perceptions?
The reality is that both wolves and lions are complex and fascinating animals with important roles to play in their respective ecosystems. Understanding their true behavior and ecology is essential for effective conservation.
16. What Are Some Notable Differences in Their Lifespans and Mortality Rates?
Wolves typically live for 6-8 years in the wild, though some can live up to 13 years. Lions generally live for 10-14 years in the wild, with some living up to 20 years in captivity.
16.1 What Factors Influence Their Lifespans?
Lifespans are influenced by factors such as habitat quality, prey availability, disease, and human activity. Wolves in protected areas with abundant prey may live longer than those in fragmented habitats with limited resources.
16.2 How Do Mortality Rates Vary Between the Species?
Mortality rates are generally higher for young wolves and lions due to predation, disease, and starvation. Adult mortality rates are influenced by factors such as hunting, human conflict, and competition with other predators.
17. How Do Wolves and Lions Adapt to Different Types of Prey?
Wolves are versatile hunters capable of taking down prey much larger than themselves through coordinated pack efforts. Lions typically hunt large ungulates but can also adapt to smaller prey when necessary.
17.1 What Hunting Techniques Do They Use for Different Prey?
Wolves use a variety of hunting techniques, including chasing, ambushing, and exhausting their prey. Lions typically use stalking and ambushing tactics, relying on their strength and speed to take down their prey.
17.2 How Does Prey Size Influence Their Hunting Strategies?
When hunting large prey, wolves rely on their pack size and coordinated attacks to bring down the animal. Lions may hunt alone or in small groups, depending on the size and behavior of their prey.
18. How Do Wolves and Lions Interact With Other Species in Their Ecosystems?
Wolves interact with a variety of other species, including scavengers such as ravens and coyotes, as well as prey species such as deer and elk. Lions interact with other predators such as hyenas and wild dogs, as well as prey species such as zebras and wildebeest.
18.1 What Symbiotic Relationships Do They Have?
Wolves may have symbiotic relationships with scavengers, who benefit from the carcasses left behind by the wolves. Lions may compete with hyenas for food but also benefit from their scavenging abilities.
18.2 How Do They Compete With Other Predators?
Wolves compete with other predators such as coyotes and bears for prey resources. Lions compete with hyenas, wild dogs, and leopards for food and territory.
19. What Genetic Differences Exist Between Wolves and Lions?
Wolves and lions belong to different genera within the family Felidae, reflecting their distinct evolutionary histories. Genetic studies have revealed significant differences in their DNA, reflecting their adaptation to different environments and lifestyles.
19.1 How Do These Differences Affect Their Physical Traits?
Genetic differences influence physical traits such as body size, coat color, and skull morphology. Wolves have a more gracile build adapted for endurance running, while lions have a more robust build adapted for power and strength.
19.2 What Can Genetics Tell Us About Their Evolution?
Genetic studies can provide insights into the evolutionary history of wolves and lions, including their divergence from a common ancestor and their adaptation to different ecological niches.
20. How Do Wolves and Lions Respond to Injuries and Illnesses?
Wolves may rely on their pack members for support and care when injured or ill. Lions may isolate themselves from the pride when sick or injured, relying on their own resources to recover.
20.1 What Self-Medication Behaviors Do They Exhibit?
Some animals exhibit self-medication behaviors, such as consuming certain plants to alleviate symptoms of illness or injury. It is not well-documented whether wolves or lions engage in these behaviors.
20.2 How Does Social Support Affect Recovery?
Social support from pack members can improve the chances of recovery for injured or ill wolves. In lion prides, the presence of other lionesses can provide protection and care for sick or injured individuals.
21. What Are Some Unique Behaviors Observed in Wolves and Lions?
Wolves are known for their complex social interactions, including elaborate greeting ceremonies and cooperative hunting strategies. Lions are known for their unique roaring vocalizations, which can be heard from miles away, and their cooperative cub-rearing behavior.
21.1 What Rituals or Ceremonies Do They Perform?
Wolves engage in greeting ceremonies that involve licking, nuzzling, and tail wagging to reinforce pack bonds. Lions may engage in ritualistic behaviors such as head rubbing and grooming to maintain social cohesion.
21.2 How Do These Behaviors Benefit Their Social Structure?
These unique behaviors help to strengthen social bonds, maintain hierarchy, and promote cooperation within wolf packs and lion prides.
22. What Impact Do Diseases and Parasites Have on Wolf and Lion Populations?
Diseases such as rabies, distemper, and parvovirus can have significant impacts on wolf populations, leading to mortality and reduced reproductive success. Lions are susceptible to diseases such as feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and tuberculosis, which can weaken their immune systems and increase their vulnerability to other threats.
22.1 What Are the Most Common Diseases Affecting Them?
Common diseases affecting wolves include rabies, distemper, and parvovirus. Common diseases affecting lions include feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and tuberculosis.
22.2 How Do These Affect Their Survival and Reproduction?
These diseases can lead to mortality, reduced reproductive success, and increased vulnerability to other threats, such as habitat loss and human conflict.
23. How Do Wolves and Lions Use Vocalizations for Communication Over Long Distances?
Wolves use howls to communicate over long distances, conveying information about territory boundaries, prey availability, and pack member location. Lions use roars to communicate over long distances, establishing territory boundaries and intimidating rivals.
23.1 What Information Do Their Calls Convey?
Wolf howls can convey information about pack identity, location, and intentions. Lion roars can convey information about territory ownership, dominance, and aggression.
23.2 How Do Environmental Factors Affect Sound Transmission?
Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and vegetation can affect the transmission of sound, influencing the effectiveness of wolf howls and lion roars.
24. How Do Wolves and Lions Navigate Their Territories?
Wolves use a combination of scent marking, landmarks, and memory to navigate their territories, relying on their keen sense of smell and spatial awareness. Lions use scent marking, visual cues, and memory to navigate their territories, relying on their knowledge of the landscape and the behavior of their prey.
24.1 What Cognitive Maps Do They Create?
Wolves and lions create cognitive maps of their territories, allowing them to remember the location of important resources such as water sources, prey locations, and den sites.
24.2 How Do They Use Scent and Visual Cues?
Scent marking provides information about territory boundaries and the presence of other individuals. Visual cues such as landmarks and vegetation patterns help them to orient themselves and navigate their surroundings.
25. How Do Climate Change and Habitat Loss Impact Wolf and Lion Populations Differently?
Climate change can alter prey distribution and abundance, affecting wolf populations by reducing their food supply and disrupting their hunting patterns. Habitat loss can reduce the availability of suitable denning sites and hunting grounds for wolves. Climate change can alter vegetation patterns and reduce water availability, affecting lion populations by reducing their prey base and increasing competition for resources. Habitat loss can reduce the availability of suitable hunting grounds and increase the risk of human-wildlife conflict for lions.
25.1 What Are the Specific Threats They Face?
Specific threats to wolves include reduced prey availability, habitat fragmentation, and increased human-wildlife conflict. Specific threats to lions include reduced prey availability, habitat loss, and increased human-wildlife conflict and poaching.
25.2 How Can Conservation Efforts Mitigate These Impacts?
Conservation efforts can mitigate these impacts by protecting and restoring habitat, managing prey populations, and reducing human-wildlife conflict through community-based conservation programs.
26. How Do Wolves and Lions Use Their Senses Differently for Hunting and Survival?
Wolves rely heavily on their sense of smell to track prey, locate carcasses, and communicate with pack members. They also have excellent hearing and good vision, which they use to detect and pursue prey. Lions rely on their excellent night vision to hunt in low-light conditions. They also have good hearing and a decent sense of smell, which they use to locate prey and detect danger.
26.1 What Is the Role of Scent in Their Lives?
Scent plays a crucial role in the lives of wolves, allowing them to track prey, communicate with pack members, and mark their territory. Scent plays a crucial role in the lives of lions, allowing them to mark their territory, locate prey, and communicate with pride members.
26.2 How Does Their Vision Adapt to Their Environments?
Wolves have good vision adapted for detecting movement in a variety of lighting conditions. Lions have excellent night vision adapted for hunting in low-light conditions.
27. What Are Some Successful Examples of Wolf and Lion Conservation?
Successful examples of wolf conservation include the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park, which has helped to restore ecological balance and biodiversity. Successful examples of lion conservation include community-based conservation programs in Africa, which have helped to reduce human-wildlife conflict and protect lion populations.
27.1 What Strategies Proved Effective?
Effective strategies for wolf conservation include habitat protection, reintroduction programs, and conflict mitigation strategies. Effective strategies for lion conservation include community-based conservation programs, anti-poaching patrols, and habitat preservation.
27.2 What Challenges Remain in Conservation Efforts?
Challenges remain in wolf conservation, including ongoing human-wildlife conflict, habitat fragmentation, and the need for continued monitoring and management. Challenges remain in lion conservation, including habitat loss, poaching, and the need for sustainable funding and community support.
28. How Do Wolves and Lions Adapt Their Hunting Strategies to Different Seasons?
Wolves may hunt in larger packs during the winter to take down larger prey such as moose or elk. They may also shift their prey preferences depending on seasonal availability. Lions may adjust their hunting strategies depending on the season, such as hunting during the cooler parts of the day during the summer months. They may also follow migrating herds of prey animals.
28.1 What Prey Availability Changes Do They Face?
Wolves face changes in prey availability due to seasonal migrations, breeding cycles, and changes in vegetation patterns. Lions face changes in prey availability due to seasonal migrations, droughts, and changes in vegetation patterns.
28.2 How Do They Modify Their Behavior Accordingly?
Wolves modify their behavior by adjusting their pack size, hunting strategies, and prey preferences depending on seasonal changes. Lions modify their behavior by adjusting their hunting strategies, hunting times, and prey selection depending on seasonal changes.
29. How Do the Teeth and Claws of Wolves and Lions Reflect Their Predatory Lifestyles?
Wolves have sharp, non-retractable claws that provide traction for running and gripping prey. They also have powerful jaws and sharp teeth adapted for tearing meat and crushing bones. Lions have sharp, retractable claws that they use to capture and restrain prey. They also have powerful jaws and sharp teeth adapted for killing and consuming large animals.
29.1 What Adaptations Do They Have for Killing Prey?
Wolves have adaptations such as sharp teeth and powerful jaws for tearing meat and crushing bones. Lions have adaptations such as sharp claws and powerful jaws for killing and consuming large animals.
29.2 How Do These Physical Traits Aid in Hunting?
These physical traits enable wolves to effectively chase, capture, and kill prey, allowing them to thrive in their respective ecosystems. These physical traits enable lions to effectively stalk, ambush, and kill prey, allowing them to thrive in their respective ecosystems.
30. What Does the Future Hold for Wolf and Lion Populations in a Changing World?
The future of wolf and lion populations depends on effective conservation efforts to mitigate the impacts of habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and climate change. Continued research, monitoring, and community engagement are essential for ensuring the long-term survival of these iconic species.
30.1 What Are the Key Factors Influencing Their Survival?
Key factors influencing the survival of wolves and lions include habitat protection, prey availability, human-wildlife conflict mitigation, and climate change adaptation.
30.2 How Can Humans Help Ensure Their Future?
Humans can help ensure the future of wolves and lions by supporting conservation organizations, advocating for policies that protect their habitat, and promoting coexistence through community-based conservation programs.
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FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions
1. Are wolves and lions related species?
Wolves and lions are both carnivores, but they belong to different families. Wolves are canids (related to dogs), while lions are felids (related to cats).
2. Can a wolf defeat a lion in a one-on-one fight?
In a one-on-one fight, a lion would likely win due to its larger size, strength, and powerful bite.
3. Do wolves and lions ever interact in the wild?
Wolves and lions do not interact in the wild because they live in different geographic regions. Wolves are found in North America, Europe, and Asia, while lions are primarily found in Africa.
4. What is the social structure of a wolf pack compared to a lion pride?
Wolf packs are typically family units led by an alpha male and female, while lion prides consist of related females, their offspring, and a coalition of males.
5. How do wolves and lions differ in their hunting strategies?
Wolves are endurance hunters that work together in packs to chase down prey over long distances, while lions are ambush predators that rely on stealth and short bursts of speed to take down prey.
6. What is the conservation status of wolves and lions?
Wolves are listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, but some populations are threatened. Lions are listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN, with populations declining due to habitat loss and human conflict.
7. What are the main threats facing wolves and lions?
The main threats facing wolves include habitat loss, human conflict, and hunting. The main threats facing lions include habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and trophy hunting.
8. What can be done to protect wolves and lions?
Conservation efforts include habitat protection, anti-poaching patrols, community-based conservation programs, and conflict mitigation strategies.
9. How do wolves and lions adapt to different climates?
Wolves are adapted to cold climates with thick fur and specialized blood circulation in their paws, while lions are adapted to warmer climates with short fur and efficient cooling mechanisms.
10. What role do wolves and lions play in their ecosystems?
Wolves and lions are apex predators that help regulate populations of ungulates and other prey species, maintaining ecological balance.
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