John Smith’s “The General History of Virginia” and William Bradford’s “Of Plymouth Plantation” offer contrasting narratives of early American colonization. While both chronicle the hardships and triumphs of establishing settlements in a new world, their perspectives, motivations, and interactions with Native Americans differ significantly. This essay will explore the key similarities and differences between these two seminal works, providing insights into the distinct challenges faced by the Jamestown and Plymouth colonies.
Contrasting Leaders, Diverging Goals
The leadership styles of John Smith and William Bradford reflect the divergent aims of their respective colonies. Smith, an adventurer and soldier, portrays himself as a pragmatic leader essential to Jamestown’s survival. His writing emphasizes his own role in establishing order, defending against attacks, and securing provisions. Bradford, a devout Puritan, focuses on the Pilgrims’ collective faith and their pursuit of religious freedom. “Of Plymouth Plantation” highlights the importance of community, covenant, and divine providence in overcoming adversity.
Interactions with Native Americans: Conflict vs. Cooperation
A stark contrast emerges in the depiction of Native American relations. Smith’s account often characterizes indigenous peoples as “savages” and emphasizes conflicts, though acknowledging instances of kindness. He details encounters marked by hostility and cultural misunderstandings. Bradford, while acknowledging initial anxieties, portrays a more nuanced relationship. He describes instances of peaceful cooperation, including the crucial assistance of Squanto, who facilitated communication and taught the Pilgrims essential survival skills. The famous “First Thanksgiving” exemplifies this spirit of cooperation, albeit temporarily.
Motivations for Colonization: Economic Gain vs. Religious Freedom
The driving forces behind the establishment of Jamestown and Plymouth differed fundamentally. Jamestown settlers primarily sought economic opportunities, driven by the promise of gold and land. Smith’s narrative reflects this materialistic ambition, highlighting the challenges of establishing a profitable colony. In contrast, the Pilgrims fled religious persecution in England, seeking a place where they could freely practice their faith. Bradford’s account emphasizes their unwavering commitment to their religious beliefs and the hardships they endured to establish a godly community.
Literary Styles: Action-Oriented vs. Reflective
The literary styles of the two works also reflect their differing perspectives. Smith’s writing is action-oriented and often boasts of his accomplishments, employing a direct and sometimes embellished style. Bradford’s narrative is more introspective and reflective, focusing on the spiritual and communal aspects of the Plymouth colony. His prose is characterized by a simpler, more straightforward style that emphasizes piety and humility.
Lasting Legacies: Two Paths to a New Nation
“The General History of Virginia” and “Of Plymouth Plantation” offer invaluable insights into the complex origins of the United States. They reveal the contrasting motivations, challenges, and interactions that shaped the early colonies. While Jamestown represents a more secular and economically driven approach to colonization, Plymouth embodies the pursuit of religious freedom and communal harmony. Both narratives, despite their differences, contribute to a richer understanding of the diverse foundations of American identity.
